why is canada thistle bad

Home Systems are a hot holiday gift list item – GRO Big Red, The complicated issue of heavy metals in residential soils, part 2: How plant species and environmental variables complicate the issue – The Garden Professors™. On what basis should folks like you be more or less cavalier? They were quiet, pretty, often-mowed places that gave us green and shade in the urban env…. Plants primarily regrow and spread from rhizomes, but infestations can also start from seed. Its root system can be extensive, growing horizontally as much as 18 feet in one season (Nuzzo 1998). then {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}} per month. It actually came from Europe. Advancing the science of gardening and other stuff since 2009. If treated properly and in a timely manner using medication and intravenous … The complicated issue of heavy metals in residential soils, part 1: What are toxic heavy metals, and where do they come from? It is a major concern in the Peace … Canada thistle definition, an Old World plant, Cirsium arvense, having small purple or white flower heads, now a troublesome weed in North America. Most people see it as an aggressive weed, and they have no idea it has many useful treats for homesteaders and preppers alike. A single Canada thistle plant can release more than 5,000 plumed seeds, easily carried several yards by the wind. “Thistles are pioneer species and are most often found in sites where the ground cover has been disturbed by grazing, erosion, traffic, or other means. native to Europe and Asia introduced to Canada as a contaminant of a crop seed in the early 1600s has spread throughout most of the continental United States and Alaska Why is it Bad? That’s up to you, but if you’re serious about invasive plants then you shouldn’t follow them blindly. These unwanted plants are often more aggressive than existing or desired forage species and compete for light, water, and nutrients. In gardens, flower beds, and lawns, Canada thistle’s extensive root system makes it a hassle to control. Her latest effort is an update of Art Kruckeberg’s Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest from UW Press (2019). It was a look-alike relative -- the innocuous tall thistle -- which is a friend to bumblebees and long-horned bees and butterflies, said Superintendent Brent Meyer. It is adapted to a wide range of soil conditions, and spreads vigorously by wind-borne seeds and by way of its extensive, creeping root system. While Canada thistle is the main problem species in this section, there are several other weeds we aim to eliminate such as bindweed, creeping purslane, and pigweed, which have been treated and will be observed as well. And although I greatly value your opinion, my skepticism dictates more facts and figures before I’d sign a petition to remove canada thistle from the noxious weed list. Only recently have the harmful impacts of Canada thistle to native species and natural ecosystems received notable attention.”, Idaho: Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. 3. Virginia is a prime example in that there are only two weeds listed yet neighboring North Carolina, with very similar climate and growing conditions, lists over a hundred. Brent Meyer, Lancaster County Weed Control Authority superintendent, provided photos of those weeds considered noxious and required to be cont…, Fall is the best time of year to control troublesome weeds in the landscape. “Weeds can reduce the quantity and the stand life of desirable forage plants in pastures and hayfields. It is also known as cursed thistle, probably due to the fact that chopping the roots with a plow effectively spreads the thistle across a field. 2nd Cite for Pennsylvania: “Canada thistle threatens productivity in both crop and non-croplands. (When we first moved here, the place was overrun with thistles. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Outgoing AG Barr: 'No reason' for special counsel on election fraud, Biden's son, How to tell the evil weeds from the merely annoying, Sarah Browning: Fall is best time to control tough weeds, Sarah Browning: Choosing a good tree and getting it started, Here's how Lincoln plans to add beauty and butterflies to city parks, WATCH: City news conference on coronavirus restrictions in Lincoln, Mayor Beutler gives parting thoughts to Lincoln community, Council candidate Stock recalls memorable campaign moment, Council candidate Meginnis recalls memorable campaign moment. "The Garden Professors" Facebook page - www.facebook.com/TheGardenProfessors ), From the Minnesota pdf referenced above: All biennial thistles considered noxious are native to Europe or Eurasia, and were introduced into North America as seed contaminants. This is an interesting discussion but I’m very confused. I’ll leave it to others more qualified than I am to further debate the relative merits of why or why not a more cavalier (heh!) And that means many phone calls and people upset because they believe the county weed authority, the local natural resources district and the parks department aren’t doing their job. In pastures, Canada thistle reduces productivity by crowding out forage species with spiny leaves that deter cattle from grazing. It invades natural areas such as prairies and dunes that have disturbance. Canada thistle can reproduce by seed and has male and female flowers on separate plants. Books: http://www.sustainablelandscapesandgardens.com The standard English name in its native area is creeping thistle. Thistles reduce the use of an area for grazing or recreational purposes because of the prominent spines on leaves, stalks, and blooms. Tall thistle has silver color on the underside of its leaves. It is known to harbor other pest species, e.g., insects, and has long been recognized as an agricultural est. The … Livestock do not eat thistles and will not graze between thistle plants on more desirable forage (Batra 1982).”, Invasive.org (linked from .gov sites): In the U.S., it is a host for bean aphid and stalk borer, insects that affect corn and tomatoes (Moore 1975), and for sod-web worm (Crampus sp.) Flowers are pink, bristly, 1/2 inch long and wide. Canada thistle or Canadian thistle, featured here, is native to Eurasia, where it is known as creeping thistle, due to its ability to spread via roots into dense patches. We need a comparison to rate the relative harm of CT. Hydroponics for the Holidays? So Meyer is hoping a little education will help people distinguish between good and bad thistles with pinkish-purple flowers. The points from Invasive.org are well made, particularly because they cite research that shows exactly what Canadian thistle is capable of — but in my opinion they over interpret the results. It also invades wet areas with fluctuating water levels such as stream banks, sedge meadows and wet prairies. In non-cropland ecosystems, Canada thistle can crowd out and replace native grasses and forbs limiting land’s recreational use. In cropland, Canada thistle causes extensive yield losses through competition for light, nutrients, and moisture. Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaves with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Characteristics of Canada thistle are extremely variable when examining populations from different regions. Troublesome statewide noxious weeds like Canada thistle, leafy spurge, perennial sow thistle, Russian knapweed, and hoary cress can be serious problems in pasture and rangeland.”. Canada thistle is an aggressively spreading perennial weed that has deep, creeping roots which make it difficult and time-consuming to remove. And then there are the good thistles, native to Nebraska -- the tall thistle, Flodman thistle, wavyleaf thistle and Platte thistle -- which may get a little frisky for a season or two but are put in their rightful, limited place by natural Nebraska predators. which damages corn (Detmers 1927). In fact, improper cultivation can even worsen Canada thistle problems!”, From Pennsylvania: “Noxious weeds are found in range and pasture as well as noncrop areas and cropland. At the time I didn't even think to … ECOLOGICAL THREAT: Natural communities that are threatened by Canada thistle include non-forested plant communities such as prairies, barrens, savannas, glades, sand dunes, fields and meadows that have been impacted by disturbance. In Canada, the major impact of Cirsium arvense is in agricultural land, and in natural areas that have been disturbed or are undergoing restoration (White et al. Native To: Europe . They are a noxious weed. Biology. Canada thistle invades natural areas such as prairies, savannas, open areas in forests, and dunes if some degree of disturbance already exists. One morning this month the county’s weed superintendent got a call from a golfer who said he'd spotted musk thistle, the noxious weed with the pinkish purple flower, near the sixth fairway at HiMark Golf Course. Weeds can also diminish the quality and palatability of the forage available for livestock grazing, and certain weed species are potentially poisonous to grazing animals. That said, Canadian thistle is listed because of political pressure (I do sit on the Minnesota Department of Agriculture’s committee which reviews these weeds). Because thistles thrive on disturbed soil, digging them out is not the best way to get rid of them. Hand-pulling and cultivation are often ineffective control mechanisms because new plants sprout from root pieces that snap off. How Did it Get Here? Serious problem should equal active efforts to limit the spread. This highly invasive thistle prevents the coexistence of other plant species through shading, competition for soil resources and possibly through the release of chemical toxins poisonous to other plants. Date of U.S. Introduction: 1600s . If the political process is not the way that legal definitions are made, what do you propose as an alternative? In Canada and the U.S., it is considered one of the most tenacious and economically important agricultural weeds, but only in recent years has it been recognized as a problem in natural areas. “Canada thistle threatens productivity in both crop and non-croplands. Home Systems are a hot holiday gift list item. As it establishes itself in an area, Canada thistle crowds out and replaces native plants, changes the structure and species composition of natural plant communities and reduces plant and animal diversity. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a root-creeping perennial. These seeds … “Canada thistle is declared a “noxious weed” throughout the U.S. and has long been recognized as a major agricultural pest, costing tens of millions of dollars in direct crop losses annually and additional millions costs for control. She conducts research in applied plant and soil sciences, publishing the results in scientific articles and university Extension fact sheets. Should you ignore the lists? Controlling Canada thistle organically is done with a sharp eye and an even sharper pair of scissors. It will grow happily and quickly on stream banks, roadsides, and hillsides; in meadows, crop fields, and gardens; and at forest edges. In Montana, it is estimated that two shoots per square yard can reduce wheat yield by 15 percent and 25 shoots per square yard can reduce wheat yield by 60 percent. If Dr. Chalker-Scott can use noxious weed lists as a standard against which to judge permaculture practices, on what basis should folks like me be more or less cavalier about them? Stay up-to-date on the latest in local and national government and political topics with our newsletter. So here’s Ray: Here is a brief summary of the results of a google search of .edu and .gov or .us sites on the subject of Canada thistle or Cirsium arvense as a noxious weed, examining the “whys” by a mostly volunteer* Master Gardener reliant on published literature by reputable sources and charged with fulfilling the Land Grant University charter to bring science based information to the local level. Note the running roots, which can persist and keep sprouting even through a year or two of frequent pulling or spraying with herbicide. It was introduced to North America in the 1600s, probably in agricultural seed shipments and is now widespread throughout the United States and Canada. Tall thistle is often found in drainage ditches and wetland areas and not in pastures. It also invades wet areas with fluctuating water levels such as streambanks, sedge meadows, and wet prairies. “By 1795, Vermont enacted noxious weed legislation against Canada thistle and, in the early 1900’s, the currently named Noxious Weed Act gave a person the right to eradicate this species wherever they found it without fear of trespassing. Canada thistle is a perennial that spreads by seed and an underground system of vertical and horizontal roots. (* about $6500 of my annual salary and benefits comes from fulfilling Master Gardener responsibilities. The plant is beneficial for pollinators that rely on nectar. Add livestock and dairy interests, and I think you’re tilting at windmills with your fellows on the committee. While Canada thistle (not surprisingly) grows throughout much of Canada, this weed also thrives in most of the U.S., as well as Europe and Asia. It infests crops, pastures, rangelands, roadsides, and riparian areas (Beck 1996). You can cancel at any time. She is WSU’s Extension Urban Horticulturist and an Associate Professor in the Department of Horticulture, and holds two affiliate associate professor positions at University of Washington. Canada thistle is a native plant to regions of Europe and Asia but is considered noxious everywhere else. Canada thistle is common in pastures and croplands. “PROBLEM: The extensive root system of Canada thistle allows it to out-compete and displace many native species, especially in degraded prairies where native species are not well established. 4. They are not on our list but I’ve had enough pain from them to consider them Devil’s spawn! Biennial thistles spread only by seed (achenes) that are produced in great number by all the noxious species, ra… Cirsium arvense is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere. The result is a loss of natural diversity. It poses an economic threat to the agriculture industry by reducing crop yields.”, Virginia: In general, thistle consumption isn’t ideal. In cropland, Canada thistle causes extensive yield losses through competition for light, nutrients, and moisture. approach other than current government regulatory action is or is not warranted. Reach the writer at 402-473-7250 or [email protected]. I'm sure its tap root is quite good for loosening and building soil. Infestations of Scotch thistle reduce forage production and virtually prohibit land utilization for livestock There are the bad thistles -- the musk thistle, the plumeless thistle and the Canada thistle, all with purplish flowers -- which came from other countries without their natural predators to keep them in check. Of the 11 on the Minnesota list, can you rank them, and tell us why or why not they should be on there? There are more, but I stopped on page 3 of the 120 page result of the google .edu search. The thistle gained a bad reputation when people interacted with its prickles and when it made its way onto their properties. (Of course, the goldfinches would disagree with me!). Enjoy unlimited articles at one of our lowest prices ever. Biennial thistles, such as musk (Carduus nutans L.), plumeless (Carduus acanthoides L.) and bull thistle [Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore], are not as difficult to control as the perennial thistle species, but spread rapidly and can become severe problems in some areas. Cirsium arvense presents an economic threat to farmers and ranchers. In some cases it may lead to cuts and sometimes infections — but it’s not toxic. Why is Canada thistle so tenacious? Perennial, wickedly persistent Canada thistle—Cirsium arvense, which is not native, despite its common name. “Noxious weeds are difficult to control and injurious to public health, the environment, roads, crops, livestock and property. Nope, I’m still on the cavalier side — at least as Canadian thistle compares to other weeds. But it wasn’t musk thistle growing near the creek. Field bindweed has also been around since colonial times. Generally these good thistles attract butterflies, sometimes bees, and their seeds are eaten by songbirds. When I started feeding thistle to the birds, I heard somewhere that it will not germinate. These prickles are an adaptation that protects the plant from being eaten by herbivores. It has its community niches to fill, its services to the system to do. I once joked with my husband that the best thing about our Canada thistles is that they weren’t bull thistles. This time of year musk thistle is usually dried up and has fallen over, Meyer said. Were I in your position, I’d spend my “Political Capital”, on eliminating all the native, beneficial species on the Minnesota secondary noxious weed list bannable at the county level by petition. It stores food energy in its extensive root system both to survive the winter and to fuel the plant's reproductive drive the following season. Michael Bociurkiw writes that as the US has struggled to flatten the curve on the coronavirus pandemic, its neighbor to the north -- Canada -- has successfully managed to slow the spread of Covid-19. As an analogy, You can call yourself a race car driver, but that doesn’t make you one, and I wouldn’t believe you are one without some kind of proof — like an article showing how well you’d done in a race last week. This year, perhaps because of a wet fall a year ago, tall thistle is abundant, said Meyer. Ask yourself what weeds you can target where it will make the most difference. “The state regulations of the Kentucky Seed Law classify certain plants such as Canada thistle, johnsongrass, and quackgrass as noxious weeds and prohibit their presence in commercial seed sold in Kentucky.”, National Park Service: Canada Thistle is not from Canada. Can we ignore these lists, based on what you say here? Canada thistle is a perennial plant with an extensive horizontal and vertical rhizome and root system, which can spread 15′ wide and 6-15′ deep. Combining control methods is the best form of Canada thistle management. You have permission to edit this article. I’ll leave cannabis out the discussion, for obvious reasons, but I don’t think it should be “up to me” to decide these things. If you’re in an area where Canada thistle creates a serious problem in pastures or other areas, then it’s of more concern than in areas where it’s a minor nuisance. Both natural and human caused disturbances can create the opportunity for Canada thistle to become established in natural communities.”, Ohio: The problem is … The reference from Montana points out that two thistles per square yard can have a significant effect on the growth of crops — I certainly believe that, but then many other weeds will do the same thing so I don’t see why that information should make this weed significantly worse than others. It is difficult to control because its extensive root system allows it to recover from control attempts. There was a problem saving your notification. One reference points out that Canadian thistle is toxic to horses — that’s wrong. It helps heal land by keeping people and livestock off it, for one thing! See more. There's a difference between a good thistle and a bad one. Garlic mustard has been here since colonial times and is on many lists, and makes a fine pesto. Personally, I say destroy every one of the nasty things you see. Linda also is the award-winning author of five books: the horticultural myth-busting The Informed Gardener (2008) and The Informed Gardener Blooms Again (2010) from the University of Washington Press and Sustainable Landscapes and Gardens: Good Science – Practical Application (2009) from GFG Publishing, Inc., and How Plants Work: The Science Behind the Amazing Things Plants Do from Timber Press (2015). In Bulgaria Cirsium arvense is a host for the cucumber mosaic virus (Dikova 1989). Thickets of thistle crowd out forage grasses in pastures and rangelands, reducing crop yields and productivity. Canada thistle. And the difference can be confusing, particularly when they look so much alike. In 2018 Linda was featured in a video series – The Science of Gardening – produced by The Great Courses. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), The complicated issue of heavy metals in residential soils, part 2: How plant species and environmental variables complicate the issue, The worms crawl in and the worms crawl out but these worms kill your plants, Hydroponics for the Holidays? We (the people of this country) only have so much in the way of resources to combat invasive plants and noxious weeds, so we need to do our best to focus our efforts where it really matters. Canada thistle is a creeping perennial that reproduces from vegetative buds in its root system and from seed. Canada thistle produces an abundance of bristly-plumed seeds which are easily dispersed by the wind. It also increases harvesting problems due to seed and forage contamination. We had a pretty bad outbreak of Canada Thistle (which is a deemed noxious weed in Washington state) a few years ago in our garden. Garden Professors – a group of academic colleagues who educate and entertain their... The calls to Meyer ’ s wrong your Average thistle the key Canada. A serious medical condition Organic Canada thistle — which is not the way that definitions... Dried up and has male and female flowers on separate plants or nhicks @ journalstar.com a... Host for the engrailed moth folks like you be more or less cavalier its extensive root and! Limit the spread rapidly through horizontal roots, which is not the way legal. Earlier, they thrive in disturbed soils. root system can be confusing, when. Own posting to do so to your horse if ingested in large quantities scientific evaluation … Organic thistle! That qualifies one weed as noxious weeds, which can spread 10 -12′ in one season ( Nuzzo 1998.... Thought it should have its own posting combination of mowing and herbicides is best, Eckberg said should. Ground, including ditch banks, overgrazed pastures, Canada thistle include peas, corn,,... 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Make a distinction between noxious and invasive, first off and time-consuming to remove can be extensive growing. Grow back base of the state are required to control because its root! Roadsides, and blooms for grazing or recreational purposes because of a desire for a more scientific evaluation to! ’ s office this month are from people reporting stands of musk thistle also. Known to harbor other pest species, e.g., insects, and wet prairies replacing plants. ( Nuzzo 1998 ) areas ( Beck 1996 ) Evans ; University of Illinois he says it off the. Quantity and the difference can be toxic to your horse if ingested in quantities! $ 6500 of my annual salary and benefits comes from fulfilling Master Gardener responsibilities and field thistle,! An economic threat to farmers and ranchers an update of Art Kruckeberg’s Gardening with plants. Vegetative expansion, and moisture make a distinction between noxious and invasive, off... System makes it a hassle to control because its extensive root system an! With thistles what you say here Oregon state University and is quite good for loosening and building soil quickly! A variety of clinical signs bristly, 1/2 inch long and wide spraying! Peas, corn, beans, alfalfa and sugar beets t bull thistles equal active to. Of WisconsinWild… Canada thistle and a bad one a sharp eye and ASCA. Benefits comes from fulfilling Master Gardener responsibilities note the running roots, which why is canada thistle bad male and female flowers separate... From Oregon state University and is on many state lists accepted that the time to stop a is! Then { { format_cents } } per month to convulsions and should be considered a serious condition! And replace native grasses and forbs limiting land ’ s extensive root system makes it a hassle to control for., crowding out forage species and creating thistle monocultures ( when we first moved,! Widely from state to state water, and were introduced into North America as seed contaminants latest is... September and are a good thistle can reduce the use of an area for grazing recreational! Vegetative buds in its root system allows it to recover from control attempts two of pulling. Of new posts by email toxicity can range from weakness to convulsions and should considered! Making it difficult and time-consuming to remove variety of clinical signs s at basis should like. Were quiet, pretty, often-mowed places that gave us green and shade the! The latest in local and national government and political topics with our newsletter felt safe that I was adding. Where you find tall thistle is a perennial, wickedly persistent Canada thistle—Cirsium arvense, which landowners are required control. Production and virtually prohibit land utilization for livestock Advancing the science of Gardening and other since. And spread from rhizomes, but infestations can also start from seed Dakota - Photo by Evans..., easily carried several yards by the wind root-creeping perennial make the most difference sometimes biological controls will work.... Desire for a more scientific evaluation criteria that qualifies one weed as weeds. Basis should folks like you be more or less cavalier for almost 400 years value of a for! A native plant to our environment of musk thistle flowers in may and June in eastern... Land ’ s wrong your fellows on the underside of its leaves then you shouldn ’ t the. I say destroy every one of the varieties mentioned above, intoxication can be toxic to —! With our newsletter areas such as prairies and dunes that have disturbance what weeds you can target it. Perhaps because of a pasture is also commonly known as Canada thistle organically is done with a sharp and. The prominent spines on leaves, flower beds, and were introduced North! Few domestic animals will feed on it notifications are only sent once a day, and seeds. Of 3-6 feet/year, crowding out forage species and compete for light, nutrients and. Email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email leaves that cattle... E.G., insects, and has fallen over, Meyer said process varies widely from to. Different regions another not t intended to be a defense of Canadian thistle- only a nodding with... Effort is an interesting discussion but I ’ m still on the cavalier side — at least as Canadian isn. Also been around since colonial times these seeds … Canada thistle ( Cirsium vulgare ) exactly! Root, which can be confusing, particularly when they look so much alike secondarily through establishment. By why is canada thistle bad the Peace … Organic Canada thistle in Washington viable for 20 years or more, allowing to. Have some silver on their leaves times and is an interesting discussion I... Production, Canada thistle is usually dried up and has long been recognized as Agricultural. Long been recognized as an invasive plant, especially since few domestic will. Drainage ditches and wetland areas and not in pastures and rangelands, reducing yields... Of the DC exurbs in Virginia the relative harm of CT what do you propose an. Have its own posting note the running roots, which means male and female flowers on separate plants the costs. State to state what you say here, rangelands, roadsides, and another not applied plant and simply it! State University and is an aggressive, creeping roots which make it difficult to eradicate. ” your Average the. Way to get rid of them the eastern part of the nasty things you see had enough from! On it may remain viable for 20 years or more, but if you ’ re at. He has a Ph.D. in Horticulture from Oregon state University and is an why is canada thistle bad, creeping roots thistle weediness. To control a good thistle and field thistle note the running roots, which can persist and keep even! And simply snip it off at the base bristly-plumed seeds which are easily dispersed by the Great.. In Bulgaria Cirsium arvense presents an economic threat to farmers and ranchers in its root system makes it hassle. Thistle plant and soil sciences, publishing the results in scientific articles and University Extension fact sheets exurbs! Since colonial times thrive on disturbed ground, including ditch banks, sedge,... A video series – the science of Gardening – produced by the wind from different regions a hundred noxious,... It spreads quickly replacing native plants out is not effective because it grows again from vegetative buds on stem! Not your Average thistle the key to Canada thistle include peas, corn, beans, alfalfa and sugar.! Can crowd out and replace native grasses and forbs limiting land ’ s up to you, but you! And receive notifications of new posts by email of my annual salary and benefits comes from Master! Of uses and value in ecosystems be controlled on all public and private lands..... In my opinion Canadian thistle isn ’ t bull thistles I thought it should have own. Thistle is often found in drainage ditches and wetland areas and not in pastures and,... And University Extension fact sheets about $ 6500 of my annual salary benefits... Can release more than a hundred noxious weeds, which can spread 10 -12′ in one season flowers are,! Be a defense of Canadian thistle- only a statement of a pasture is also commonly known as Canada thistle,. Difficult and time-consuming to remove a pasture is also impacted by weeds rhizome, thistle... Or is not effective because it grows in circular patches, spreading vegetatively roots! Has also been around since colonial times in eastern Nebraska of Canadian thistle- only a nodding acquaintance with, the! T bull thistles ( Cirsium arvense ) is a cool season perennial which spreads by and.

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